Engineering of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light due to interaction with photonic lattices reveals rich physics and motivates potential applications. We report the experimental creation of regularly distributed quantized vortex arrays in momentum space by probing the honeycomb and hexagonal photonic lattices with a single focused Gaussian beam. For the honeycomb lattice, the vortices are associated with Dirac points. However, we show that the resulting spatial patterns of vortices are strongly defined by the symmetry of the wave packet evolving in the photonic lattices and not by their topological properties. Our findings reveal the underlying physics by connecting the symmetry and OAM conversion and provide a simple and efficient method to create regularly distributed multiple vortices from unstructured light.

在脉冲激光探测中，常采用峰值检测电路获取强度信息。当激光通过部分反射或部分遮挡的空间多层物体时，会产生多个回波。传统峰值检测电路无法准确探测多回波峰值。因此，基于脉冲多回波峰值检测原理，设计了一种具有高集成度的新型脉冲多回波峰值检测电路芯片。该芯片以两级峰值采样保持电路结构为基础，通过采用交织采样和多路复用技术优化了电路结构，实现了对多回波信号的峰值检测。芯片采用CMOS 0.18 μm工艺设计，面积约为2.6 mm×0.48 mm，测试结果表明，所设计的芯片能够有效检测幅值范围50~500 mV、脉宽5 ns的多回波信号，峰值输出电压的最大误差为4.8%，通道间的输出电压最大相对偏差为5.7%，具有更精细的多回波探测能力，可集成应用于脉冲激光探测系统。

寻找量子色动力学（Quantum Chromodynamics，QCD）相变信号是当前重离子碰撞实验的一个基础科学目标，对理解强相互作用物质的性质、大爆炸初期的宇宙演化、超新星的爆发机制、致密星的内部结构以及双中子星并合产生的引力波等重要前沿问题都具有重要意义。当重离子碰撞中发生非连续QCD相变时，引发的强相互作用物质的密度涨落与关联可以通过轻原子核的产额观察量来探测。核子间的多体关联决定了重离子碰撞中轻核的产额。特别地，基于核子并合模型对于轻核产额的计算表明质子（p）、氘核（d）和氚核（t）的产额比值NtNp/Nd2敏感于核子密度涨落与关联，是一个较好的寻找QCD相变信号的可观测量。进一步，基于输运模型对于重离子碰撞中的手征相变的模拟发现，当系统的相轨迹经过一阶相变区域时，轻核产额比值NtNp/Nd2有明显增加。这些结果为利用重离子碰撞中的轻核产生寻找QCD相变提供了理论依据。

The statistical dynamics of partially incoherent ultrafast lasers are complex and chaotic, which is significant for fundamental research and practical applications. We experimentally and theoretically reveal the statistical dynamics of the spectral evolutions and correlations in an incoherent noise-like rectangle pulse laser (NLRPL). Based on statistical histogram analysis, the probability distribution asymmetry of the spectral intensity fluctuation is decayed with the wavelength far away from the spectral peak due to the detection noise. The full-spectral correlation values indicate that the spectral similarity between two round trips is exponentially weakened as the round-trip offset increases. By studying the correlation map of spectral components, we find that the area of the high-correlation region is relevant to the pump power, which is reduced by increasing the pump power. The mutual information of the spectra demonstrates that two spectral components with symmetry about the spectral peak have a statistical dependence. Experimental observations and statistical properties can coincide well with theoretical numerical simulations. We reveal the pump-dependent spectral correlation of the NLRPL and provide multiple statistical methods for the characterizations of chaotic dynamics in incoherent light sources.

主要介绍了近年来光纤激光相控阵相干合成技术的发展现状，总结了中国科学院光电技术研究所在这方面的最新研究成果，包括基于振幅调制的光纤激光相控阵相干合成能力优化、光纤激光相控阵实现收发一体相干合成、光纤激光相控阵的目标在回路相干合成、光纤激光相控阵在大气湍流下实现耦合接收光束的共相合束、基于多孔径波前探测的相干合成方法、基于自适应光纤准直器和微透镜阵列的光束大角度高精度连续寻址扫描等。以上研究工作将促进光纤激光相控阵技术朝向更多单元、更高功率、更远距离等方向演进，并推动其与激光大气传输、空间激光通信、自适应光学等理论和应用的结合与发展。